Effective Malaria Treatment In Tanzania Health And Social Care Essay

1 IntroductionMalaria is a disease which is caused by mosquito bite on human organic structure. It threatens 1000s million people wellness in full Torrid Zones and semitropicss particularly in sub-Saharan Africa. The influence of malaria on the wellness and economic systems is immense. In this part over one million people die every twelvemonth because of malaria and most of them kids under the age of five. To contend this staggering job it have in recent old ages been on the docket for both affected provinces and international giver bureaus. Access to an effectual and prompt intervention for immature kids and pregnant adult females is regarded as really of import. The ACCESS programmes aim is to turn to jobs sing entree to effectual and prompt malaria intervention in rural Tanzania. The result of the work should ensue in proper steps to heighten the cognition of recognize symptoms, the demand of right intervention and increase the handiness of medical specialty and quality of supervising. The most vulnerable groups which are kids under the age of five and pregnant adult females is focused in the plan. The country in Tanzania that are included in the survey is the two territory of Kilombero and Ulanga in the south-east. The two territories is separated by the Kilombero River and forms the Kilombero Vally floodplain. The handiness to the Kilombero territory is by a largely unpaved route that are connected to the Tanzania-Zambia main road. To make the Ulanga territory with vehicles the solely connexion is a motorised ferry over Kolombero River.2 Undertaking factsThe population of the two territories in 2002 were 517000 and most people get their supports from farming. For most households the agriculture is done in distant Fieldss in the flood plains. A consequence of the distance to the Fieldss is that households are forced to travel to their agriculture sites during the cultivating period. They spend up to six months in the Fieldss and during this clip unrecorded under simple conditions and are more open to mosquito. The cultivating period coincides with the high malaria transmittal season and as a consequence of this malaria spreads widely and repeatedly during this period. Based on these facts the Ifakara Health and Research and Development Center along with the Swiss Tropical Institute has examined and implemented a batch of malaria control intercessions like insecticide-treated cyberspaces ( ITN ) . In add-on to that there are two chief attacks in the ACCESS intercessions. Through societal selling attacks by increasing the petition for right malaria diagnosing and intervention throughout the community With the aid of preparation, instruction, enhanced supportive supervising and new nosologies make the supply of quality malaria case-management stronger. To advance these attacks three chief countries of intercessions has been undertaken. Area1: Behavior alteration Sensitization of community leaders Social selling chiefly through route shows Particular runs in Mother and Child Health ( MCH ) clinics Improved entree for families passing the cultivation period off from place Area2: Improved quality of attention in wellness installations Area3: Improved malaria instance direction in drug merchandising stores3 Issues of SD sing this undertakingIn the ACCESS undertaking issues refering SD which are stated below can be found. These issues are besides described how they are included in the three countries of intercessions that are involved in the programme. Health attention Education Human demands Gender Equity Economic Capacity edifice3.1 Area 1Sing the different actions undertaken in the behaviour alteration attack SD issues like wellness attention, instruction, human demands, gender and equity.a ) Health attentionThrough these societal selling messages the people aware strongly the malaria symptoms and immediate intervention the right medical specialty and good protecting equipment like ITN and IPTp ( Intermittent Preventive Treatment in gestation ) .B ) EducationDramatic shows at the roads having about malaria disease. To do people effectual attending dance competitions were conducted. Theater shows portraying right intervention through function dramas were performed. Effectss of malaria were taught through public talk. Besides cinema show on malaria intervention was run. Feedback Sessionss at the terminal for better interactions. During the feedback session promotion-materials were distributed to the audience. Posters and hoardings were put up in small towns and along roads.degree Celsius ) Hum an needsThe acknowledgment of the demand to heighten the cognition about malaria and the undertakings undertaken in this intercession country interrelate to human demands.vitamin D ) GenderPregnant adult females and female parents of kids under the age of five and kids under the age of five are the mark group for the undertaking.vitamin E ) EquityThe undertaking stresses the importance of people?s handiness to entree wellness attention. During the cultivation period people stay in the Fieldss and the handiness to medicate is poorer.3.2 Area 2For the undertaking to better quality of attention in wellness installations aspects like instruction, economic and wellness are dealt with.a ) Health attentionIn this intercession enhanced quality of attention was focused chiefly. Correct diagnosing with the counsel from Integrated direction of childhood unwellness ( IMCI ) algorithm and enhanced laboratory diagnosing. Ordering the right drugs and exact dose of antimalarials, febrifuges. Proper and right advice on how to forestall malaria and better intervention.B ) EducationThe wellness installation staff were trained on malaria intervention through initial refresher preparation. Routine supportive supervising was strengthened. Introducing quality direction strategy at all wellness installations.degree Celsius ) EconomicThe preparation which was based on IMCI algorithm has proved that it is cost effectual since it was done by agencies of coaction between the staffs and council wellness direction squads in rural Tanzania. In add-on to that they have introduced rapid diagnostic trial ( RDT ) an impracticable thought to microscopy which was one time once more proved to be cost effectual.vitamin D ) Capacity edificeThere was a Joint venture between supportive supervising and quality direction in order to increase their capacity.3.3 Area 3This intercession which reference to better malaria instance direction in drug merchandising stores concern SD issues sing capacity edifice and instruction.a ) Capacity edificeThrough the debut of Accredited Drug Dispensing Outlets ( ADDO ) in the two territories the trade channels and entree to medical specialties and pharmaceutical services enhanced.B ) EducationTo beef up the consciousness and behaviour of ADDO proprietors of and the forces the undertaking have provided instruction.3.4 The ecological, economic and societal facetsIn a undertaking like ACCESS which focal point is to analyse and better intervention and attention for a disease the ecological portion have a minor impact in the work in this instance. Social and economic demands for people is more critical. The SD issues that are stated earlier all have to interrelate for a successful result of a undertaking like this. The demand for worlds in the country to acquire keep to proper medical specialty and intervention is obvious and this emphasis the human demand. The chosen attack to better the cognition amongst people to acknowledge symptoms and the demand for prompt intervention for illustration links instruction and wellness together. As the chief mark group is pregnant adult females, immature female parents and kids under five this can be regarded as a gender affair that is interrelated in all issues. Even if the people know how to handle malaria and they have accessibility to anti-malarias they need to hold money to buy it. In the respect of regional, national and international interrelatedness of a undertaking like this it can be benchmark and applied in different topographic points and to other diseases4 Issues of SD excluded in the undertakingTorahs Even the authorities has taken some enterprises to set about effectual malaria intervention it would be better if the authorities has introduce or do some regulations and ordinances. Environment One could sing the exposure to mosquito in the Fieldss as an environmental issue but no measurings within the undertaking is taken4.1 Suggestions/feedback related to this undertakingTorahs For illustration the authorities can do a regulation like household card for the poorer 1s while the hapless 1s non able to entree the quality and effectual intervention. Family card meant for acquiring medical specialties at a cheaper rate aided by authorities Environment Within the undertakings framework some probe sing the exposure and how to minimise it could hold been performed. Possibly some information on how to protect yourself against mosquito could hold been provided. Possibly some bio-friendly pesticide could be used during the mosquito genteelness period to cut down the degree of exposure during the cultivation period.5 ConsequencesThe sensitisation of community leaders were rather successful in the facet of engagement. On mean 90 % of the invited attended these meetings. The route shows were besides by and large good attended. The work forces were nevertheless 2,2 times more likely to hold attended these shows although adult females and kids was the focal point group in the undertaking. The particular runs done in MCH clinics have up to the beginning of 2007 resulted in that about 28 % of adult females in generative age has attended such session. In Ulanga have 89 % of the wellness installations received training Sessionss to better the cognition and in Kilombero that figure is 93 % . The handiness to proper medical specialties has in the two territories increased through the ADDO programme. The quality of advice in these accredited stores has besides shown to be better than in an ordinary drug store.6 DecisionTo reason, this undertaking which was done by Ifakara with the great support from Swiss Tropical Institute and ACCESS has widely used SD constructs in every intercessions. The premier focal point of the undertaking dealt with wellness attention of people refering to a developing state which is one of the major points discussed in every acme of developed and developing states related to SD. In footings of wellness attention, instruction, human demands, gender and equity there were actions taken in the intercession 1 and in footings of quality of attention in wellness installations sing instruction, economic and wellness there were actions in intercession 2.In intercession 3 the chief facet of SD was to develop i.e. educate the store keepers every bit good as the poorer people. In such a mode the SD constructs has been widely used and researched by the ACCESS programme I. From the results and experiences of ACCESS I the ACCESS plan has started the 2nd stage in May 2008 and its premier focal point was enhanced handiness to effectual malaria intervention for pregnant adult females, kids under the age of five and immature female parents. The Phase II continuance is similar to phase I and it is about 3 old ages.

Applications of Integral Calculus

To find the moment of inertia, you find the area under, and also between the curve(s). An application in which integration is key to reaching the target value is a PAID Controller. The purpose of a PAID Controller is to determine the error between what is measured and what is expected. The â€Å"l† or integration part of the controller is the collected past errors. The actual integral is the total of the instantaneous error over time. All parts of the error are included, meaning duration and amount. Integral mathematics has much to do with the duration and amount of something.One major example Is population analysis. Population analysis Is a form of Integral math that Is applied for biology. The births In the present year rely on many things from previous years, most obviously the amount of births In the previous year. All things affect the population of the proceeding years. Since all variables intertwine with one another, they can be put into once common integral equation. T wo major variables in the equation would be the rates of fertility and survivorship. The average temperature for weather also uses integration.For example, the weatherman would note the average temperature for his time last year to show how much weather has fluctuated. How did he get an average temperature? He found it using integration. The weatherman would make a graph of the weather of math from this time last year, and create an integral to find the exact average value. He could then wait until he has collected enough information for this season this year and fled the average temperate of this season through Integration. With these two average values, he could compare the two for changes.When cars were first created, not much about them was efficient whatsoever. They may have delivered the driver from point A to point B more quickly than before cars, but like most new inventions, cars were greatly flawed. To fix these errors, manufacturers began crash testing for safety, which i nvolves physics. Using integration, a crash test analyst can first find average results for crashes with safety products as well as results without safety products. Then, with the separate averages he can compare the results to verify that the specific safety products are realistic to install into vehicles.Specifically, the severity index, which was aimed towards being able to determine the risk of an injury to the head, is calculated by using an integral. Severity Index is the Integral from zero to T of EDT. In the severity index integral, T represents the duration of the deceleration during the crash test and (a(t)) Is the deceleration at time (t). Though the Severity Index was a good calculation, something better was discovered. The Head Injury Criterion Is based on the average value of acceleration over the most important part of the deceleration.The new and Improved Integral Tutorial Tort ten nana Injury criterion represents ten maximum alee over the critical time period for th e integral expression. This method is much more realistic and is used to test things such as the safety of an airbag and even prove that stables do in-fact save lives. Integration is also used for finding displacement from velocity, and velocity from acceleration. Unlike a lot of other applications, in this situation you would use the indefinite integral for displacement and velocity. An integral is used to define these two things because integration is the opposite of differentiation.Consequently, to find displacement you would use the indefinite integral of velocity (v) EDT. Likewise, you would determine velocity by using the indefinite integral of acceleration (a) EDT. Integrals are also involved in biology. One integral is the Coulomb Field approximation. With this approximation, one calculates the Borne radius. Although it is acceptable, the Coulomb Field approximation is known to overestimate the Borne radii. Other methods of the Coulomb Field approximation have been demonstra ted by adding and subtracting certain areas of the equation. Using integration you can also find the average off moving sequence of numbers.This is commonly done with stocks. The numbers that â€Å"move† in the stock integral would be the day and the price. Along with integration being involved in the stock business, it is also involved in consumer surplus and producer surplus. Producer's surplus is the surplus money that the producer obtains from charging less than the selling price. Consumer's surplus is the difference between what consumers are willing to pay and what they do actually end up spending. Similar to the integrals dealing with extra money in consumerism and production, you can use integration to find the three different values of a continuous income stream.

Property and Liability Insurance Research Paper

Property and Liability Insurance - Research Paper Example When the risk event occurs and a claim is made, the insurance company has to cover the claim. The main objective of taking a property and liability insurance is to cover one’s own property from various risks including theft, fire, accident, electric circuitry damages, lighting, etc, but to also cover third parties such as employees, visitors, general public, etc (Economy Watch, 2010). PLI provides for 3 major duties from the insurance company, namely, duty to defend, duty to indemnify and duty to address a reasonable clear claim. The duty to defend arises when the insured party is sued and claims a liability from the insurance company. The insurance company when it receives a claim from the third party may either choose to defend the insured, seek a declaratory judgment of no coverage or choose either. The second duty the insurer has is to indemnify the insured to what the insurance company is liable. The third duty the insurance company has is to settle all the reasonable cla ims and often if the insurer fails to settle the amount for within the claim limit, the insured can take the insurance company to court and claim beyond the set amount. ... Employment liability (or workman’s compensation) is a form of insurance that should be mandatorily taken by all the businesses and is meant to protect the employer from all risk events that may occur to the employees whilst they perform their duties. Tenant’s liability – Tenants that stay in the insurer place are covered for abilities by the owner from risks that may be present in the rented place. General liability – Covers the business, the employee’s third parties, etc, from risks including the risk to business. Professional liability is a form of liability that is taken by a professional such as a physician, lawyer or dentist, and would cover to pay for damages to any third party that may have been caused whilst provision of professional services. The main intention of professional liability is to protect the professional from malpractice claims. Professionals need to take a higher level of care whilst providing their services. D & O Liability o r Directors and Officers liability is a form of insurance that aims to cover the actions of the directors and officers of a company. It can be used to limit the damage to the company that may be caused by the actions of the directors or the officers (Economy Watch 2010). Insurance Fraud is any act that is committed by one party in order to obtain insurance money from the insurer fraudulently. The extent of fraud may vary from one case to another and include, claiming larger than expected insurance damages, deliberately causing accident and damages with the intent of causing losses to the insurance company or increasing the premium that is offered to the insured (Total Criminal Defense, 2010). Today insurance

Compare the Hindu and Buddhist styles of representing divinity Essay

Compare the Hindu and Buddhist styles of representing divinity - Essay Example It highly reflects the prevailing theme at the time in which Japan took pride in its genius through the fields of religion, philosophy, art, and rich literature. While the fundamental color of brilliance is perceived through the coating to designate in equilibrium the simplicity of brightness through wood carving, the Hindu sculpture has, among the revered gods Vishnu, Shiva, Krishna, and some others, on the contrary been worked using stone or hard rock medium to enhance the proper locus of the aspects with light. A rare sculpture of ‘Vishnu’ seated on a Naga coil under the five hoods of the serpent deity is stone-made. Found at the Nithyakalyanaswamy temple at Thiruvidanthai, the statue is said to date from the Vijayanagara period during the 17th century. Contrary to the standing position of the Bodhisattva of Compassion, Vishnu is depicted sitting in a relaxed posture to signify an aura of meditative heights achieved. This ‘Vishnu on Naga Coil’ is well-ado rned as opposed to the plain appearance of the Buddhist sculpture.

Violence Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 1

Violence - Essay Example It also won in the critical award giving body Cannes Film Festival with the award â€Å"the Palme dOr. The film Inglorious Basterds is more recent film (shown in 2009) and again written and directed by Quentin Tarantino. It starred Brad Pitt as Lt. Aldo Raine, Christoph Waltz as Col. Hans Landa), Eli Roth as Sgt. Donny Donowitz, Michael Fassbender as Lt. Archie Hicox, Diane Kruger as Bridget von Hammersmark, Daniel Brà ¼hl as Fredrick Zoller, Mà ©lanie Laurent as Shosanna Dreyfus, Denis Menochet as Perrier LaPadite, Sylvester Groth as Joseph Goebbels,  Mike Myers  as Gen. Ed Fenech and Rod Taylor (Winston Churchill). Although the film directed against the German Nazi’s, the movie still got a positive review from the German press when it was shown in German theatres (Itzkoff). Both films contained Tarantino’s â€Å"hyperbolic violence . . . [being] a constituent of his work as the reams of dialogue† (Dargis). The films were situated in separate settings and different time in history yet both have the same central appeal of violence. Although Tarantino is already renowned for making quality and almost surreal films, this â€Å"hyperbolic violence† which is always present in Tarantino’s film is just too prevalent and used too casually to the point of nondescript that it desensitizes his audience. These two films are set in violent circumstances. The more acclaimed film Pulp Fiction was set against the backdrop of Los Angel mobsters where criminality is rampant and the â€Å"Boss† rules the day. This makes the theme of violence convenient because violence is the language spoken and understood by the mob. The script is also peppered by expletives and even if it displayed wit and humor, it still promoted the culture of gangsterism where hoodlums were not depicted to be profane but seemingly an acceptable people. Allan Stone in his review about the violence in Pulp Fiction observed that Tarantino

Drug Testing in the Workplace Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Drug Testing in the Workplace - Essay Example This approach has streamed a mix though strong reaction with or against the act. The random drug test and medical assistance is legally applicable incase of rational grounds especially when there is probability/occurrence of an accident involving the worker. Observing behavior such as alcoholic odor on breath, glassy eyes, unsteady composure, slurred speech and multiple errors while working substantiate a proper drug test without any prior notification. Incase the test results positive the employee should be granted rehabilitation epoch and permissible to return to employment following an evaluation by a Substance Abuse Professional [SAP] (Drug and Alcohol Testing). Often such an employee challenges the drug test lest if the result is positive. The victim should be elucidated that workplace drug testing is not a vindication of dismissal, it is adapted by the company to safeguard its work environment as well as to achieve the expected performances & production goals by its employees. Strict action maybe taken incase of recurring liabilities of any employee. According to the Merriam-Webster Dictionary, "civil disobedience can be defined as refusal to obey governmental demands or commands especially as a nonviolent and usually collective means of forcing concessions from the government" [1866]. This means that the individuals responsible for civil disobedience are willingly accepting the legal consequences on behalf of their actions since they are involved in falsification of the law. The justification of severity of the legal action is dependant upon the act executed by the persons and its consequences. The mode of action and the motivation for acting must be kept in view while legally examining the act (Civil Disobedience). In terms of environmental causes or animal rights, civil disobedience is often the universal retort by the populace concerned about such issues. Such a dilemma requires action that reflects the protesters' compassion towards the egalitarian principles. The conventional environmental groups have turned believers of incorporating undeviating policies like civil disobedience so as to protect their cause. This usually occurs due to the disappointment concerning the leisurely outcomes of the governmental authorities regarding vindicated environmental issues. It so happens, that such environmentalists involved in safeguarding their root violate the law through their aggressive obliteration of the court, however justified in the other case. These concerns need to be addressed in-depth by the governmental authorities by crafting the laws in accordance to the mainstream causes of today. Ecological laws should be addressed to cater to the environment and the wild life to avoid such extremist behavior of their supporters. From a resource in the Internet find a current article regarding Deep Ecology, environmental activism, or environmental extremism. Read the article and post a short summary (about 100 words or so) of its main points as your response to this DQ. Include the reference information for your article so everyone can find it if they are interested in reading the material. 250 words The

Look at Your Fish/ Building Arguments- Word Assignment

Look at Your Fish - Assignment Example The professor was also trying to teach Scudder to refer to the facts because whatever he/she would say, he would still tell him/her to look at the fish as a point of reference. At first, Scudder took a very short time to look at the fish and with an idea of a fish at the back of the mind, concluded that he/she had seen everything that was required of him/her. This was from the general knowledge he/she had about a fish and with that, he/she thought it was all about a fish. Scudder again after lunch came and when he/she tried out drawing the fish, it dawned on him/her that there were new features that he/she was discovered then. After another serious look in the afternoon, he/she even noticed how shallow he/she had been with his/her previous observations. The following morning, he/she was even able to explain what he/she had seen but in a new way, which was actually what the professor was trying to teach him/her. As time passed by with constant observation and of course with concentration, Scudder learned more and more. We can conclude that he/she actually would learn everything about the fish if he/she were given more time. Scudder changed from just seeing what the ordinary eye could see now seeing beyond and even be able to explain the observations. He/she also changed and learned to be patient and persistent in his/her learning. Scudder also changed from just being a mere learner into an expert in the field of study. Scudder developed a lot of interest and gained a lot of knowledge in that field of study, something he/she could not do before and would now do more than what was expected of a learner. Professor Agassiz’s method of teaching was very effective from my point of view. This is due to the positive effects it has caused to Scudder as a leaner. Firstly, it gives the learner an ample time to be able to learn from them.

Learning Principles in Video Games Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Learning Principles in Video Games - Essay Example Presently the â€Å"Play- station† has revolutionized gaming as it is fun, trendy, at times violent and at most times intelligent and kindles curiosity. It appeals to all age groups because it includes sped, accuracy with a filmic production values and background. Game Chosen – â€Å"Democracy†: Democracy is a highly educational game. It featured as the best Sim Game of the Year in 2005. It is related to politics where the player finds himself as the President or the Prime Minister of a country. â€Å"Democracy†, lets you find out how you would fare as a leader of a developed country such as The United States of America, France, Germany or Canada. The game allows you to take charge and manage your country’s finances, policies, internal affairs and security. Principles of Democracy: The most important principle of any video game is its multi media form of entertainment involving a unique synthesis of 3D art, CG effects, architecture, dramatic performance, music, sound effects, story telling, artificial intelligence and most importantly inter- activity. The basic principles of this particular game, is to educate a person on how to cope with a situation using good leadership tactics. The player is very often placed in the middle of a dilemma or a crisis where he has to use his skill and intelligence to get out of it. The most difficult aspect faced by the player is in finding the correct balance between finances, taxation and legislation to ensure the country doesn’t go into bankruptcy.

Game theory research paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Game theory - Research Paper Example While doing so, the player must always think about the good mechanism for selling the painting in that given game. When developing such a game, one may have to consider a single shot game in which each of the players is asked to states his or her sealed bid for the painting. Based on the bids presented, the painting will be given or awarded to the most suitable bidder or player in the game. The most straightforward way of awarding the painting would be giving it to the highest bidder and then charging him for the bid. Teo and Sethuraman however notes that taking such an approach may not been very helpful because the developed situation does not have any dominant strategy solution (881). In such a case, the best strategy for each of the player or bidder would be entirely dependent on what he knows or assumes about the bidding strategy which is going to be used by the other players. When the player takes a wrong assumption about the strategy that is going to be used by other players, then the strategy that they will opt for will not be the best one. On the other hand, when the player makes the right assumption about the approach that is being used by the other bidders, then his strategy will be the best available one. On this basis, it is quite apparent that deciding on the value which should be placed on the bid by the bidder will always be a very big problem. The compl exity of the situation will automatically result in unpredictable behaviour in the game. Regardless of this, there are several available approaches which can be employed to deal with such situations just as it is effectively done in other games which lack a dominant strategy. One of the main ways through which such situations can be dealt with is the use and the applications of the Vickery auction approach. Vickery mechanism is a very common approach which is used to deal with various gaming situations which do

Great Expectations Essay Example for Free

Great Expectations Essay As part of my GCSE coursework, I have read two novels written by Charles Dickens. The first novel is Oliver Twist, from, whwhich I will look at a villain called Bill Sikes who is a thief, a housebreaker, a murderer and one of Ddickens most menacing characters. I will look at how Dickens characterises him as a villain. s makes him a villain. The second book I read was Great Expectations, infrom which I will look at another villain called Magwitch who bullies a young boy named Pip into helping him q. escaping from prison. I will also look at how Dickens characterises himmakes him as a villain.. I will then compare Bboth characters will then be compared and contrasted in my study. . The first person I will look at is Bill Sikes who is a murderer, a thief, a housebreaker, a bully and is part of Fagans gang. Before we meet Sikes, Dickens dDescribes his environment. Firstly it is described as an obscure parlour of a low public house, a dark and gloomy den, in the filthiest part of Little Saffron Hill and where no ray of sun ever shone in the summer. Adjectives such as obscure, low, dark gloomy and filthiest are all negative and suggest to me a very unpleasant and rough environment. The place being described as where no ray of sun ever shone in the summer, suggests to me further of the places depravity and that the public house is set in a back ally. The room Sikes is situated in is called a Den, A den is a place where animals usually live, so it suggests to me that this is an inhuman place, not suitable for a persons habitation. Over all I can say that the atmosphere is excessively bleak and miserable, the setting is used to reflect character and to create atmosphere suggestingand Sikes is in part, athe product of his own environment. Sikes is said to have been brooding, this suggests that Sikes had been in deep thought, scheming and plotting evil things. Sikes is described as strongly impregnated with the smell of liquor, this suggests to me that he we was highly intoxicated and the result, would mean that he would be grumpy, and irrational. He wares a velvet coat, drab shorts, half-boots and stockings. As you can see his clothing is very drabmonotonous and this suggests to the reader the obscure and sinister nature of Sikes and the world he inhabits. ity Sikes of which Sikes can possess. Sikes is described as even by that dim light, no inexperienced agent of police would have hesitated for one instant as Mr. William Sikes. This suggests to the reader that Sikes is well known by the police and is obviously a common criminal. Sikes dog is described as being red-eyed. This is symbolic of depression and anger and many other negative emotions, so it is apparent that the dog is symbolic to the negativity in Sikes environment and is also a product of bad environment may be symbolic that the dog is symbolic of the harsh environment. The dog sits at his mastersmasters feet, this shows the relationship between the dog and his master as being close and intermit and proves Sikes ownership of the animal. Later the unoffending dog is attacked and by Sikes, this shows that Sikes is very volatile, unpredictable, unstable and dangerous because he attacks his dog for no cause and acts very spontaneously with his aggressiveness. After the attacking, the dog avenges his attack it, by attacking Sikes half-boots. This shows that the dog has a bad temper and has a lot in common with his master. This eventually leads to a fight and Sikes attempted murder of the dog. This shows how malevolentsatanic Sikes can be. Sikes is a very aggressive man in his language, he blasphemes and curses, thrusts and swears This type of language is rather unpleasant, shows negative emotions to a reader. This sort of dictionspeech gives a sense of violence to the reader. When Sikes speaks to his dog he says Keep quiet, you warmint! Keep quiet! Here he commands and insults, so it shows that he is violent when he talks. We know this because Dickens has used exclamation marks to show that he was talking in anger. This can also be seen when he talks to Fagan for example you white-livered thief! This shows the anger in the voice with the use of insults and exclamatoryion phrases. marks. Sikes also seeksspeaks to Fagian with a fierce gesturegesture; this adds to Sikes sinister character because it suggests that again Sikes is angry and violent with his oral expression. Sikes often growled, had a fierce sneer and speaks savage like. This further makes him look obnoxious and unhappy. These details present him as brutal, animalistic and primitive. Sikes speaks with the harshest key of a very harsh voice. This suggests that he is very unpleasant when he usually speaks. Therefore I would say that the way in which Sikes speaks shows that cruelty and ill-intent of his character. Thus from this extract we are given the impression that Sikes is incredibly evil, menacing, he is unhappy, intimidating, ferocious and volatile. This impression is reinforced later in the novel in which we look at Sikes killing his prostitute lover Nancy and the events leading up to it. It begins with Noah, repeating what he told Fagin to Sikes. Fagin cries, and says Tell him that, tell him that.

Alzheimers Case Study in Social Work

Alzheimers Case Study in Social Work According to Maurer Smith (2005), organizational policies and practices are influenced a lot by the national rules, legislation and service standards. There are many rules, legislations and services like care standard act, care quality commission, commission for social care inspection, race relation act, age relation act, gender discrimination act which aims to ensure the best quality care for the people with all age groups. From the scenario, we have seen that Mr. Frazer is suffering from Alzheimer disease and he needs both long term and short term care as he is passing his days with lots of difficulty. Hamm (2007) has stated that, people with Alzheimer disease need more likely long term cares. The UK legislations have set up lots of policies and standards so that organizations can give the best the possible care to their clients. Among them, the care standard act 2000 describes that, all the care homes or residential homes must fulfill some specific requirements which are necessary to take care of their patients or clients. For example, it describes a category of people who are not suitable to work with vulnerable adults. In addition, it reforms a regulatory system for the care service organizations such as care homes, childrens homes, nursing homes, domiciliary agencies, voluntary adoption agencies, fostering agencies. While providing service to a patient like Mr. Frazer, they have to maintain the legislations. So, a service provider will must check whether they have employees with sufficient knowledge on Alzheimer disease before involving him/her to give him care. For example, wh ether she/he has got knowledge for the reason of this disease, medication, clinical trials, first aids, communication method, special needs etc. Thus legislation and national service standards influence organizational policies and practices for achieving best possible outcomes for people like Mr. Frazer. Factors that may affect the achievement of best possible outcomes for Mr. Frazer According to Gauthier (2000), there are many factors that can affect the achievement of best outcome of people with Alzheimer disease as they usually need both long term and short term care. Some of the factors are given below: Problems in communication: Communication problem creates severe problems while providing care as sometimes they can not understand both written and spoken language because of the damage of corresponding nerve. In addition, patients may speak native language where care giver does not speak the same. In this case, misunderstanding may occur that leads to negative outcome for both groups. Sometimes they may not understand proper language, sign language, body language or meaning of normal picture. In these cases, doctors or care workers may fail to realize their needs and may not the best care. Aggression: Aggressiveness is common often among the Alzheimer patients. So, they may feel irritated if they are asked to describe about their present health condition. In the same time, care givers or doctors will not know patients needs if he/she does not tell them. If they are requested to explain more than once, they become aggressive other than helping them by giving answer. Culture, attitude and beliefs: Health care providers may fail to realize the cultural needs of patients. People from different culture have different cultural norms, beliefs, attitude and expectation. So, lack of cultural knowledge and about their belief can obstacle in the way of achieving best compliance. (Treatment and lack of adherence to medication for TB among Hispanic immigrants is one example) Education and income: Sometimes, patient may think that, they are being asked for unnecessary information by taking the chance of their lower education and income. Also, they might need to pay them for any particular type of treatment though they are reluctant. This can create barrier to achieve the best outcome as well. National rules and legislations: According to McHale Gallagher (2003), a mature patient has the right to refuse treatment. Sometimes, they can say that the information which asked for will strike on their confidentiality or respect. So, information may not be available though that is essential for their safeguarding. In these cases, doctors or social workers may take decision against their wishes which will not let them to achieve best outcome. Communication between care workers and individuals contribute to the delivery of outcomes According to Rabins et al (2006), usually people with Alzheimer disease face difficulty while communicating with someone. They may not realize even the simple words. In some cases, their understanding can be fully reverse from the speakers and they may react violently. So, we must be very careful while presenting something to them. A few ways are given below for effective communication to achieve the best outcome. Awareness while speaking: Cayton et al (2008) have stated that, the care givers must be aware of their body language and voice of tone while talking with them. They must communicate very politely otherwise patients may feel threatened, undermined or confused which can rise the feeling of isolation, agitation and undermine the trust. Mentioning name: Cayton et al has noted that, care givers must introduce themselves clearly before starting conversation with a patient. If patients condition is critical then we may tell them our address as well to make the better feelings of the patients. Care giver or doctors should speak quickly, loudly or distinctly by no way. Questioning: Obviously care providers or doctors need to ask questions to know patients condition but they must not use long sentences to ask them any question as they need longer time than others to understand the meaning even sentence is not big enough. In addition, they should not be asked more than one question at a time. Also, they should be asked question that require answer only yes or no (Sadowski Wisniewsk, 2004). Thus any individual can ensure the best outcome for the patients like Mr. Frazer. Question 2 2.1 Factors that may have contributed to loss of independence, non-participation and social exclusion for Ellen According to Arber Evandrou (1993), there are many factors which can contribute to loss of independence, non-participation and social exclusion and these can be being dependent to someone including care workers, not given time to make choice for them, constraint, changing something related to them without taking their permission, not giving chance to participate in decision-making. Dependency: Most of the cases, vulnerable adults like Mrs. Ellen loss their independency and social exclusion because of being dependant to someone such as care workers. Sometimes the patients may not be permitted to carry their day to day activities because of lack of ability or risk. Service users physical and mental conditions may be considered strictly. They may not be given permission to choose how they will spend their times, how they spend their money, where will they spend their leisure time, what will be their regular diet etc. because of lack of skills. As a result, they will loss their minimum capacity to lead a life of their own. So, they may be reluctant to participate in social events as it may be insulting for them that they are dependant. Keeping away from decision making: From the scenario, we have seen that Mrs. Ellen was given chance to make her own decision. But, usually service users in the care homes or nursing homes may not be given this opportunity because they may cause a problem. This can cause frustration and they become more dependant. Constraint: this is one of the major ways for what service users become dependants. It can cause threat as they may be forced to think as other people think. Mrs. Ellen was not forced to do anything while staying in the care home. She was encouraged to perform her all day to day activity and as a result she become a role model in that care home. Basically, adults should be assisted to carry their day to day activity but not doing the total thing for themselves. They may think about their inability but they should be encouraged to work by themselves assessing the risks. Otherwise, they will be dependant, frustrated and will lose their taste of life. 2.2 Processes and support mechanisms to maximize independence and choice for individuals like Ellen Sussex Scourfield (2004) describe that empowerment of social, physical, emotional needs, intellectual factors, access to information, maintaining confidentiality, participation in decision-making and choice can maximize the independence and choice for individuals. These are given below: Promoting rights of them. For example, letting them to maintain their confidentiality, safety and security Allowing them to take risks. But risk must be assessed. If that can cause severe problem, they might be encouraged restrain from certain things. Allowing them to communicate and make relationships with anyone that they want. Allowing them to individualised care, involving responsibilities etc. Everyone has responsibility not to infringe on the rights of other people. Individuals must be given chance to take their own decision and make choices for them. Individuals will get full access to gather information. They must be given right to carry out their religion and cultural activities. Providing a range of options from which they can make choices Encouraging them to solve problems in the future on their own successfully. 2.3 Organisational systems to promote participation and independence for individuals According to Sussex Scourfield (2004), empowering individuals potentiality, ensuring performance of workers, proper guidelines and inspirations to work by own initiatives, staff training, getting feedback, inspection and opinion sources of information for each and every individuals can be a few examples to promote participation and independence for individuals by organizational systems. These are described below: Empowering individuals: Heumann et al (2001) state that, each and every employee of any organization may be promoted to participation and independence by empowering their sleeping potentiality. According to him, the development of service delivery and service quality may be increased significantly by the empowerment of employees. To implement this, proper guidelines to let them work by themselves will be necessary. Thereafter, they can be told the benefits so that they can realize the necessity of the empowerment. Ensuring performance of individuals: Huber (2006) has shown that, organizational participation can be developed by ensuring performance of individuals. The organizational management will make sure that all the employees are up-to-date with changes so that they can perform in a better way. When they will find out their good performance, they will intend to take part extra organizational activities and feel free to work independently. Sources of information: Employees from all the organizations should have free access to information so that they can solve their basic problems by themselves. In addition, they will know the pros and cons of the organization. As a result, they will think themselves as an individual and important part of the organization which results them to participate and involve throughout the organizations. (Anderson Aydin, eds., 2005) 2.4 Tensions that arise when balancing the rights of the individual to independence and choice against the care providers duty to protect According to Thompson et al (2006), there are many factors which cause dilemma while providing care to the vulnerable adults e.g. Safety vs. independence, safety vs. rights and responsibilities of individuals etc. For example, if patients with dementia or frail people want to go somewhere by themselves, then care providers are in trouble. People with dementia may loss their way and find it difficult to retrieve it. In addition, they can cause harm to others and themselves by their aggressive behavior. Frail people may fall down easily and cause serious harm to them. So, the relatives or even the person himself/herself may complain against the care providers when they are in trouble. Considering these factors, care providers are reluctant to let them do anything which can harm their clients. In the same time, each and every individual has right to live independently but it can cause conflict between relative vs. client, client vs. employee, employee vs. relative, children vs. parent, parent of children vs. service providers and staff vs. staff. Thus, tensions can arise while balancing the rights and choice against the care providers duty. Overall, care providers will first consider and ensure their clients safety and then independence. Question 3 3.1 Identifying and explaining risk of abuse or harm from the case study through the case study. From the given scenario, we have seen that Mr. Simon was abusing eight elderly clients in his care which affected his clients very badly. His clients might have to face (opuronio) loss for that abuse. Now the risk of abuse and the way they could be harmed are given below: It has been said in the scenario that one of the lady who is aged 78 years old was poured cold water and stocking over her head. Researchers have shown that cold water during shower helps to get good health for the normal aged people where it harms elderly people. According to Thygerson (2007), it can increase the risk of heart attack. Putting stocking over the head can choke the lady and lead to death. It can cause paralysis as well. Mr. Simon also harassed sexually one of the elderly ladies who are 92. It is really matter of shame and strong sexual abuse against that lady. That lady must feel very ashamed that can lead her to suicide. Also, she can be injured seriously physically as body structure becomes very sensitive at those ages. Obviously it is illegal and humanistic to force anyone to do anything though sometimes that can be good for the person. Anyone can be requested to do anything but is up to the person to accept any help or service or whatever. A 96 year elderly client was forced to eat her food though she was reluctant. Also, Mr. Simon poured sherry into one of his clients throat who was 81. that could cause her choke. As a result, she might die. It could also cause her vomit which can lead to loss of appetite. She was being physically abused during her care. Without this, as many of his clients were suffering from senile dementia and psychological problem, they might not remember what happened to them during their care and might think whatever has been done as a part of their treatment! This is a clear indication of physical and mental abuse. Physical abuse was acute for the clients who were wheelchair bound because they could not either protect him or take themselves in safe position quickly. In addition, their privacy, self esteem, dignity, choice, respect, safety have been neglected instead of giving them appropriate care. 3.2 Options to protect individual from abuse whilst balancing legislation requirements and guidance with the tensions involved According to Pritchard ed. (2008), there are some legislations and guidance to protect and safeguard of the vulnerable adults in the UK. Among them human rights act 1998, Disability discrimination act 2003, Protection of Vulnerable Adult (POVA), Care standard act 2008 are the most effective acts to ensure the safety of vulnerable adults and protect them from any kinds of harm. The scenario has shown that some of the clients were being abused mentally and physically during their care though they were staying in a nursing home. Basically, abuse can happen because of lack of proper implementation of national legislations. According to the legislations, vulnerable adults may be suggested to stay in their own home or care homes or nursing homes or hospitals in accordance with their health condition. But risks must be assessed before taking any decision. In addition, clients have the right to choose any types of service they need for. They can also refuse all the services as well if they w ant unless they are mentally handicapped. Thus individuals can be protected from abuse at the same time as balancing legislation requirements and guidance. 3.3 The effectiveness of policies, procedures and managerial approach for promoting management of risks for a known setting According to Torrisi Hansen-Turton (2005) and Kemshall Pritchard (1997), every organization should have some organizational policies, procedures and managerial approach of their own to run their business effectively and to gain their goals easily along with national policy, procedures and laws. For example, a nursing home should have some legislations regarding acceptable and unacceptable risk, protection from unacceptable risk, assessing and recording risk, participation in creating abuse-free environment, complaints procedures, leadership style, whistle blowing policy along with national service standards. Among them assessing risk, leadership style and complain procedures are significant to promote management risks. A nursing home must have adequate equipment to deal with patients. In addition, early identification of possible abuse, screening of people who are going to start work, reporting to people with proper procedure, getting feedback and opinion from clients, keeping as e ye and proper monitoring system of the clients finance, psychological and physical issues can also promote management of risk. 3.4 Justify recommendations for improving management approaches to managing risks of abuse in the setting of the case study Parsloe (1999) and Messer Jones (1999) have shown that, the management can play an important role to manage the risks of abuse. Some important recommendations are given below to manage risk: A care worker may be monitored or supervised by an authorized person while providing care. Screening of people will help to obtain an employees mentality about his/her job role. Getting regular feedback from client will disclose the quality of service that they are getting. So, staff will try to give their best to achieve reputation which will minimize risk. Having necessary equipments cut the danger of life respectively. For example, a service user may need to be transferred for emergency. In this case, having ambulance facility is a plus point to cut risk and abuse of treatment. Stealing, creating psychological or physiological harms are the cases that happen in care homes, nursing homes or in hospitals. So, monitoring of employees will help to manage risk of abuse as well. Question 4 4.1 The legislation, guidance, codes of practice and policy that apply to the handling of medication According to Association for Real ChangeÂÂ  (ARC) et al (2006), there are some particular laws, legislations, guidance and policies to handle medication as well as its ordering and maintaining, administration, storage, recording, and disposal. These are Drug act 2005, PoisonsÂÂ  and Therapeutic Goods Act 1966 No 31, PoisonsÂÂ  and Therapeutic Goods Regulation 2008, Public Health (General) Regulation 2002, Medicines act 1968, Drug misuse act 1986 etc. These laws and legislations have described the management and supervision systems for the administration, storage, disposal and recording of medication. According to a new law, a registered nurse (grade 1, minimum) must handle the administration of medication to ensure the standard of care in the care homes. In addition, it provides safeguards for the administration of medication along with personal care attendants and in the hostels. Medicines act 1968 has provided a legal framework within which doctors, surgeons, pharmacists, suppliers and nurses are able to administer medications. According to this act, there are some medicines which are restricted to sale, supply and administration. A drug handler must have to have license to prescribe or dispose any medicine. They also have to renew every licence granted under this Act, unless previously renewed or revoked or will expire at the end of the period of five years from the date on which it was granted or the date as from which it was last renewed. Drug act 2005 and misuse of drug act 1986 have provided very strong law to handle and protect the misuse of drugs. According to this act, a supplier of drug has to prove that, it has a valid intention to provide drugs. Court can assume against a supplier for abusing drug if they can find out less amount of drug than prescribed. In addition, an issue can be raised if the accused may not have had the drug in possession with the intent. Thus these legislations, guidance and policies help to safe handling of medicine. 4.2 National service standards to promote safe practice in the handling of medication According to Crouch et al (2008), todays medicines are powerful compounds to control disease, ease discomfort and prolong life for millions of people and are generally beneficial. But nothing in the world gives us only blessings. Almost all the medicines have got side effect to human body. This is why, national standards, legislation, national enquiries e.g. the Shipman Enquiry, ethical issues, service user choice, acceptable risk etc. have been introduced to minimize the risks and promote safe practice of medication. Another author named Railton (2007) has stated that, all the clinicians, doctors, nurses, care workers, pharmacists have to meet national minimum standard while handling the medicine. For example, a practitioner must have to have a valid license for practicing or prescribing medicine. According to McGee ed. (2009), some of the key principles to promote safe practice are given below: Clients of social care services have freedom to choose concerning their provider of pharmaceutical care and services including dispensed medicines. Care staffs have to be aware of medicines that each client has and a complete account of medicines will be recorded by the social care service. Care staffs help people with their medicines have to be well-trained and competent. Medicines must be given correctly and safely, and care staffs have to preserve the privacy and dignity of the individual while giving them medicine. Medicines should be available when the patient/client needs them and the service provider will make sure safe disposal of unwanted drugs. Medication orders must be timed; dated, signed and handwritten orders must be readable. Only approved hospital abbreviations will be used. Medicines must be stored safely. The social care service will have an access to advice from the pharmacists. Medicines have to be used to cure, prevent disease and to relieve symptoms. Medicines can not be used to punish or control behavior. 4.3 Evaluating the effectiveness of policies and procedures for administering medication to achieve best possible outcomes for service users Thomas et al (2003) has shown that the policies and procedures help to achieve the best possible outcome for administrative medication and care homes are one of the examples of it. He shows that, care homes reduce the risks of medication by following the policies and procedures. As a part of medication administration policy, now they keep all the records of medication to avoid future risk. Sometimes they check or review the side effects of any drugs in the internet and discuss with any third party if necessary. According to Thomas et al (2003) and Boon et al (2006), effectiveness of policies and procedures are given below: Each and every written order for medication must state the names of medication clearly which have been ordered. They also mention the dose, the time of any medication is to be administered, route for administration, the reason of the prescribed medication. In addition, any specific time of medication or the first dose is to be considered for administration. So, there will be a rare chance to cause any mistake will lead a good outcome for the patients. Because of the changes in policy nurses are no longer allowed to gather information or obtain the medication from the night locker unless a pharmacy is available to dispense the medication. So, misuse of drugs will fall down. In addition, only hospital approved abbreviations are being used in prescriptions so that clinicians and medical professionals can understand those without any difficulty. It saves time and care service is becoming fast. Violence and silent punishment by the medication in the care homes have been stopped as medicin es are not allowed to punish or control behavior. Harrison (2006) has shown that about 7000 deaths are occurred every year. But now the number has been decreased significantly after the full implementation of medication administrating throughout the care homes, children homes, nursing homes and hospitals. It also ensures the safe practice of care by providing a guideline to the responsible persons by giving idea about right dosage, right medication, right time, right patient, and right route. Thus medical administration helps to achieve the best outcome for the service users.

Freedom and Determinism in Richard Taylor’s Metaphysics Essay -- Philo

Freedom and Determinism in Richard Taylor’s Metaphysics Metaphysics, as discussed by Richard Taylor, can be defined as the effort to think clearly. In order to contemplate a metaphysical issue, we require data (the common beliefs that people hold about that issue). A metaphysical problem occurs when such data do not agree. To resolve the problem, a theory must be established which removes the conflict by either (a) reconciling the conflicting data, or (b) proving one set of data to be false. Metaphysical thought has inspired many theories that attempt to address the conflicting data of determinism and freedom. Freedom, as defined by Hume, is "the ability to act according to the determinations of the will". Freedom allows for moral responsibility. Determinism is the theory that everything is caused by antecedent conditions, and such things cannot be other than how they are. Though no theory concerning this issue has been entirely successful, many theories present alternatives as to how it can be approached. Two of the most basic metaphysical theories concerning freedom and determinism are soft determinism and hard determinism. Soft determinism attempts to make the disagreeing data of determinism and freedom compatible. The theory of soft determinism rests on three fundamental claims: (1) the deterministic concept that human behaviour is causally determined; (2) that there is freedom in voluntary behaviour, so long as there is no physical impediment or constraint upon the action; and (3) that the cause of the voluntary behaviour (which is possible in the absence of impediments or constraints) is an internal state of the agent of the action. According to soft determinism, therefore, we are responsible for our actions on o... ...er own actions. Society, however, is a state towards which humans have naturally evolved, and our continued existence without society is inconceivable. Thus, although determinism is argued successfully from a causal point of view, it is clearly flawed in a practical context as it fails these fundamental aspects of human life. Neither soft determinism nor hard determinism successfully reconciles freedom and determinism. Soft determinism fails as it presents a limited type freedom, and it can be argued that the inner state of the agent is causally determined. Hard determinism presents a causally sound argument, whilst ignoring the moral bases of our society. Due to the failure of these theories to harmonize the data, the metaphysical problem of freedom and determinism persists. Works Cited 1. Taylor, Richard. Metaphysics. New Jersey: Prentice Hall, 1992. Freedom and Determinism in Richard Taylor’s Metaphysics Essay -- Philo Freedom and Determinism in Richard Taylor’s Metaphysics Metaphysics, as discussed by Richard Taylor, can be defined as the effort to think clearly. In order to contemplate a metaphysical issue, we require data (the common beliefs that people hold about that issue). A metaphysical problem occurs when such data do not agree. To resolve the problem, a theory must be established which removes the conflict by either (a) reconciling the conflicting data, or (b) proving one set of data to be false. Metaphysical thought has inspired many theories that attempt to address the conflicting data of determinism and freedom. Freedom, as defined by Hume, is "the ability to act according to the determinations of the will". Freedom allows for moral responsibility. Determinism is the theory that everything is caused by antecedent conditions, and such things cannot be other than how they are. Though no theory concerning this issue has been entirely successful, many theories present alternatives as to how it can be approached. Two of the most basic metaphysical theories concerning freedom and determinism are soft determinism and hard determinism. Soft determinism attempts to make the disagreeing data of determinism and freedom compatible. The theory of soft determinism rests on three fundamental claims: (1) the deterministic concept that human behaviour is causally determined; (2) that there is freedom in voluntary behaviour, so long as there is no physical impediment or constraint upon the action; and (3) that the cause of the voluntary behaviour (which is possible in the absence of impediments or constraints) is an internal state of the agent of the action. According to soft determinism, therefore, we are responsible for our actions on o... ...er own actions. Society, however, is a state towards which humans have naturally evolved, and our continued existence without society is inconceivable. Thus, although determinism is argued successfully from a causal point of view, it is clearly flawed in a practical context as it fails these fundamental aspects of human life. Neither soft determinism nor hard determinism successfully reconciles freedom and determinism. Soft determinism fails as it presents a limited type freedom, and it can be argued that the inner state of the agent is causally determined. Hard determinism presents a causally sound argument, whilst ignoring the moral bases of our society. Due to the failure of these theories to harmonize the data, the metaphysical problem of freedom and determinism persists. Works Cited 1. Taylor, Richard. Metaphysics. New Jersey: Prentice Hall, 1992.

Ben Franklin :: essays research papers fc

Ben Franklin was a man of many ideas. He was able to come up with hundreds of inventions which played big roles at that time and for the future. He greatly affected the lives of many people around the world at that time period and at this time period with the things that he had invented. One of Ben Franklin’s greatest inventions was the Franklin stove. He took the model of the old stove and made it even better and more energy sufficient. The people of Philadelphia wanted the Franklin stove for two main reasons. The first reason is it gave off two times more heat than the old wood burning stoves. The second reason is it used one half the energy required for the old wood burning stoves(Cousins 88). This means that people didn’t have to chop down as many trees and split as much wood. They were able to used the wood for more useful things than just burning it. Ben wrote, †Since wood has become so expensive, any new proposal for saving the wood may at least be worth c onsideration†(Parker 13). They could use wood to build house or any other kinds of building or structures. They could also used the extra wood to build furniture and other things for the inside of their houses. Also there would be a lot of extra wood because less wood was required for burning. It was also was a lot less dangerous because it was a closed flame rather than an open fire. Ben found out that the women in his family that stayed home each day, did not get as many cold and toothaches as they used to(Cousins 89). â€Å"Soon every women in Philadelphia wanted a Franklin stove†(Cousins 89). â€Å"The Pennsylvania authorities were very pleased. They offered Franklin the patent for his design of the stove. This meant that he could earn money for every Franklin stove made. He refused saying that he was glad to be able to serve others.† (Parker 13) This was a truly great inventions for the people of that time and the present. During that time, wood burning was everyone’s source of heat, now there are many sources of heat. People still burn wood and it is probably the cheapest way to heat a house. Many people also use it as their primary source of heat or just as back up heat just in case something happens.

Greek Mythology and Religion :: Ancient Greece Greek History

Greek Mythology and Religion Mythology is the study and interpretation of myth and the body of myths of a particular culture. Myth is a complex cultural phenomenon that can be approached from a number of viewpoints. In general, myth is a narrative that describes and portrays in symbolic language the origin of the basic elements and assumptions of a culture. Mythic narrative relates, for example, how the world began, how humans and animals were created, and how certain customs, gestures, or forms of human activities originated. Almost all cultures possess or at one time possessed and lived in terms of myths. Myths differ from fairy tales in that they refer to a time that is different from ordinary. The time sequence of myth is extraordinary- an "other" time - the time before the conventional world came into being. Because myths refer to an extraordinary time and place and to gods and other supernatural beings and processes, they have usually been seen as aspects of religion. Because of the inclusive nature of myth, however, it can illustrate many aspects of individual and cultural life. Meaning and interpretation From the beginnings of Western culture, myth has presented a problem of meaning and interpretation, and a history of controversy has gathered about both the value and the status of mythology. Myth, History, and Reason In the Greek heritage of the West, myth or mythos has always been in tension with reason or logos, which signified the sensible and analytic mode of arriving at a true account of reality. The Greek philosophers Xenophanes, Plato, and Aristotle, for example, exalted reason and made sarcastic criticisms of myth as a proper way of knowing reality. The distinctions between reason and myth and between myth and history, although essential, were never quite absolute. Aristotle concluded that in some of the early Greek creation myths, logos and mythos overlapped. Plato used myths as metaphors and also as literary devices in developing an argument. Western Mythical Traditions The debate over whether myth, reason, or history best expresses the meaning of the reality of the gods, humans, and nature has continued in Western culture as a legacy from its earliest traditions. Among these traditions were the myths of the Greeks. Adopted and assimilated by the Romans, they furnished literary, philosophical, and artistic inspiration to such later periods as the Renaissance and the romantic era. The pagan tribes of Europe furnished another body of tradition.

Mang Inasal: Humble Stories and Where They Are Today Essay

The epitome of success could never be achieved if one did not set a foot at the bottom of the staircase. Did you know that Mang Inasal, one of the most preferred dining places of the Filipinos today, can prove this? Where Did Mang Inasal start? Establishing its first branch in a 3-year-old unoccupied space in Robinsons Mall Carpark, Iloilo on December 12, 2003, Mang Inasal quickly became a hit for the Ilonggos. Of course, it would not be done without the efforts of its owner, Mr. Edgar Sia II. After conducting a research on what could be the common â€Å"taste† of the 16 regions in the Philippines, Sia figured out that â€Å"barbecue† (or simply, Inasal in Ilonggo) is the mass appeal—a feat that has been capturing the hearts and empty stomachs of the Filipino people. Before enterprising his business to Luzon, specifically in Manila, Mang Inasal opened its second outlet in Roxas City, Sia’s hometown. With this, his business bloomed in the provinces to 26 branches; a proof that his Inasal has really caught the Filipino tastebuds. In 2006, he finally opened his outlet in Manila, a venture that he referred to as the â€Å"make-or-break† city. It was during this year when the city was in the middle of rice shortage (and as we all know, rice is a primary food for the Filipinos). This was where he opened the â€Å"Unli Rice† promo, which was only supposed to run for two months. Seeing that it has attracted more customers, the promo became permanent and is now being simulated by other fast food chains. Where is Mang Inasal today? Right now, Mang Inasal runs in 433 outlets across the country, and is now the second largest fast food chain next to Jollibee and ahead of McDonalds, with Manila having above 100 Mang Inasal branches. As of the moment, Mang Inasal is present in an estimate of 70 cities, and is continuously being expanded. Mang Inasal’s accounts of success stories are not limited to the expansion of its stores, but it can also be remarked with how it can help in alleviating the unemployment rate in the country. Due to its â€Å"grilled chicken† nature, Mang Inasal’s natural way of cooking chicken also depends  on the suppliers of kalamansi, charcoal, banana leaves, vegetables, bamboo sticks, and any other ingredients. Although Mang Inasal has already been sold to the giant company, Jollibee Food Corp., it continues to brandish its own uniqueness and ubiquity, bringing the favorite Filipino dish to all Pinoys across the country, the inasal chicken way. Trivia: 1. Did you know that Mang Inasal means â€Å"Mr. Barbecue?† 2. Mang Inasal is not only known for its delicious food, but with its affordable, permanent, rice-all-you-can promo, equipped with quick service. 3. Edgar Sia II is actually an architecture drop-out, but he was still able to establish a successful fast-food chain! How cool is that? 4. Also, Edgar Sia II gained 3Billion after selling Mang Inasal to Jollibee, a feat that proves how much of a successful businessman he is, and how high he has propelled Mang Inasal to success. 5. Mang Inasal’s success follows this formula: good business concept + quality of food + exceptional marketing strategy + affordable pricing and even expansion + the X Factor (blessing of God), which should be dealt with the right asal (behavior).

Christianity Essay

Trade and merchants play a major role in Christianity and Islam from their origins to the 1500’s, and even though both had similar attributes yet differed as well. Christians and Islam both had a negative outlook, both had their religious viewpoints, as well as both changed their views towards trade. Despite this, Christianity began to open up to trade, even tolerating it, while Muslims became stricter on merchants and trade. Furthermore, Both Islam and Christianity had a negative attitudes for instance, in the Bible, Jesus preaches to his disciples how a rich man will never reach heaven. This is due to their behavior, for merchants are greedy and lying people whose only content is to get rich, which goes against Christianity’s belief. Moreover, Thomas Aquinas explains how unfair and unjust merchants are for they price their goods higher than what the product actually cost. By the tone of the document as well as how he explains trade and its problems show his dislike. L ikewise Ibn Khaldun describes merchants as weak, and disgusting men and how they negatively affect the government. His tone is harsher however, which indicates his anger towards the merchants. Merchants constants rip-off of the people by selling their goods at a high price as well s giving their all their goods to those who pay more. The Islamic Court in Ankara had to deal with a case in which merchants would give all their cotton to a single person, if they pay extra high price in addition to the merchant’s high prices. Document seven contains quotes from that of the people who have complained about the merchants. Both Christianity and Islam share the same pessimistic attitude towards merchants and trade because of their behavior and how they sell their goods. Anyways, I would have like to see a document from a merchant, it would have help me better indicate if merchants were really sneaky and unfair as spoken in the documents given. Some looked to the Christianity’s and Islam’s beliefs, to determine their view on merchants and trade for both religions impacted all their followers. In the Bible, Jesus says that no rich man will ever reach heaven. The small passage comes from the bible, which heavily every Christians view. Which is also why he emphasized how the quote from the bible and how i t fit into the situation. The Muslim Qur’an also circled around honesty and truthfulness which the Muslims and Muslim merchants had to follow if they wanted to reach paradise. Thomas Aquinas who was also heavily influence by Christianity, and its bible, for he states a line out of the bible. He indicates the bible  because he knows that adding the bible would persuade many of the Christians which was his intended target audience. Reginald, a monk of Durham also says explains the life of Godric and how he became a successful merchant, only to become tired of it and soon devoted himself to God giving away all his possessions to the poor. Reginald’s attended audience was Christian followers, he also helps justify document 1 in Godric went from rich to poor in order to devote himself to god. I would have liked a document from a person not Christian or Islam because it would have allow me to understand how much both religions influence the views of its subjects. Despite the similarities Christianit y religious views seem to rather negative and stricter than the Muslims were lighter and positive. Merchants and trade in the eyes of Christianity and Islam began to change significantly overtime. Ibn Khaldun says how beneficial the merchants are to the capital, for they buy goods in one area, only to sell at a higher price in an area in demand. Which the Qur’an also depicts, however it encourages trade as long as it is fair and truthful. Yet Ibn Khaldun gives us evidence of laws which were established in order to control merchant’s behavior. In addition, document 7 shows how the Islamic court had power over merchants and could affect their behavior as well as. Unlike Islam which began to become stricter, Christianity began look towards it positively, such as, letter C of document 6 describes an order being canceled for English wool, and the consumer seemingly brings god name into it, which suggest the consumer does not think of trade conflicting with Christianity. Which letter A also identify for both letters show how the merchant’s goal is to make a profit, and they see no problem with. In conclusion, Christianity and Islam attitudes towards trade and me rchants were similar in certain aspects as, of the beginning both viewed it negatively, and on a religious level. However, both began to change their views on trade and merchants. For Christianity began approving trade, while Islam began harsher treatment towards trade and merchants.

Catalog of Federal Domestic Assistance Essay

Out of the three that I chose, the program that I feel that would be the most valuable for the organization that was profiled in Appendix A is Block Grants for Community Mental Health Services. Program’s Objective: The objective of the block grants for community mental health services program is to provide territories and states with assistance financially in the making of their plans to provide mental health services to adults and children, as well as monitoring all progress and providing technical assistance. Eligibility: The States and U.S Territory Governments are eligible applicants and the recipients of States and U.S Territory Governments are the beneficiaries. Type of Assistance: This particular program is provided with Formula Grants Dollar Range and Average Amount of Assistance Awarded: The dollar range that is listed for this program is $50,000 to $53,096,425. The Average amount of assistance that is awarded is $6,761,619. How this program is utilized by the organization that is profiled in Appendix A: The organization in Appendix A’s needs are that they are able to provide psychiatric counseling services to the residents of El Paso County who are considered to be low income. I believe that the block grants for community mental health services program would benefit the state of Texas by providing funding so that this program can continue services and develop new innovative ideas and future plans to better its services. Since residents only need to pay an amount that is based on their income I believe that the cost would work well for them as well.

The Jilting of Granny Weatherall

â€Å"Uncertainty of Control† In â€Å"The Jilting of Granny Weatherall,† her name, weatherall, or seen as weathered by it all, shows that she has been through everything, especially through times of doubt oruncertainty. Granny Weatherall is a very controlling woman;however, she comes to realize there are many things that she cannot control. She also believes that she has lived a very happy life, however, when she is starting to die, she realizes that there are many things that she wishes she could change. Granny Weatherall is very uncertain of many things throughoutthe story. One of the main things she is uncertain aboutis whether or not she is dying. She tells the doctor to â€Å"get along and doctor your sick†¦leave a well womanalone† (203). In her mind, she is not going to die because she has not planned or it. She says she still has a ton of things to get done so it cannot be her time to pass away. However, death is something that she cannot control, just like George leaving her at the altar. As she is trying to get some rest, the memory of George comes back to her, â€Å"what does a women do when she has put on the white veil and set out the white cake for a man and he doesn’t care?†¦ but a whirl of dark smoke rose and covered it, crept up and over into the bright field where everything was planted so carefully in orderly rows. That was hell, she knew hell when she saw it. For sixty years she had prayed against remembering him and against losing her soul in the deep pit of hell† (206). This shows that she is still very bitter about George leaving her at the altar and still very confused by it. The main reason for this confusion is because this was something that she did not plan and did not have anycontrol over. When the text says she was dreaming of a â€Å"bright field where everything was planted so carefully in orderly rows,† it shows that she likes to have order in her life, and that George messed up this order. The story uses many literary tools to help the readers realize that Granny Weatherall does not like uncertainty and that she is still uncertain of thingsto come. In the last paragraph, the story uses imagery to describe how Granny Weatherall really feels. â€Å"For the second time there was no sign. Again no bridegroom and the priestin the house. She could not remember any other sorrow because this grief wiped them all away. Oh, no, there’s nothing more cruel than this—I’ll never forgive it. She stretched herself with a deep breath and blew out the light† (209). Here she is referring back to her first jilting of when there was no groom and only the priest was there. However, this time she is referring to her death, which she has no control over, and she is now coming to this realization. This imagery of being left at the altar for the second time, shows she is scared that she is being jilted again. However, this time by God, which she is more hurt by than any other thing that has everhappened to her. She now realizes that she has no control over her life, which really scares her. The Jilting of Granny Weatherall â€Å"Uncertainty of Control† In â€Å"The Jilting of Granny Weatherall,† her name, weatherall, or seen as weathered by it all, shows that she has been through everything, especially through times of doubt oruncertainty. Granny Weatherall is a very controlling woman;however, she comes to realize there are many things that she cannot control. She also believes that she has lived a very happy life, however, when she is starting to die, she realizes that there are many things that she wishes she could change. Granny Weatherall is very uncertain of many things throughoutthe story. One of the main things she is uncertain aboutis whether or not she is dying. She tells the doctor to â€Å"get along and doctor your sick†¦leave a well womanalone† (203). In her mind, she is not going to die because she has not planned or it. She says she still has a ton of things to get done so it cannot be her time to pass away. However, death is something that she cannot control, just like George leaving her at the altar. As she is trying to get some rest, the memory of George comes back to her, â€Å"what does a women do when she has put on the white veil and set out the white cake for a man and he doesn’t care?†¦ but a whirl of dark smoke rose and covered it, crept up and over into the bright field where everything was planted so carefully in orderly rows. That was hell, she knew hell when she saw it. For sixty years she had prayed against remembering him and against losing her soul in the deep pit of hell† (206). This shows that she is still very bitter about George leaving her at the altar and still very confused by it. The main reason for this confusion is because this was something that she did not plan and did not have anycontrol over. When the text says she was dreaming of a â€Å"bright field where everything was planted so carefully in orderly rows,† it shows that she likes to have order in her life, and that George messed up this order. The story uses many literary tools to help the readers realize that Granny Weatherall does not like uncertainty and that she is still uncertain of thingsto come. In the last paragraph, the story uses imagery to describe how Granny Weatherall really feels. â€Å"For the second time there was no sign. Again no bridegroom and the priestin the house. She could not remember any other sorrow because this grief wiped them all away. Oh, no, there’s nothing more cruel than this—I’ll never forgive it. She stretched herself with a deep breath and blew out the light† (209). Here she is referring back to her first jilting of when there was no groom and only the priest was there. However, this time she is referring to her death, which she has no control over, and she is now coming to this realization. This imagery of being left at the altar for the second time, shows she is scared that she is being jilted again. However, this time by God, which she is more hurt by than any other thing that has everhappened to her. She now realizes that she has no control over her life, which really scares her.

The Mission for TNT Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 37

The Mission for TNT - Case Study Example According to the paper, the major objective of TNT is to deliver a superior customer experience with sophisticated technology in their operations. The mission, vision and objectives of a company always vary, and it depends with the services or goods being provided and also the size of the organization. The mission of PEKU contractors based in Qatar is development of a better, safer and conservative built environment. Their major aim is to come up with eco-friendly buildings and minimize the cost of construction. Their objective is to come up with sustainable construction methods and build eco-friendly structures. A business strategy refers to the ways and means through which an organization sets  out  to achieve its objectives. An organization categorizes its goals in order of priority in order to develop ways of achieving the all the goals. After identifying the crucial goals, a strategy map is developed. A strategy map is a diagram containing the strategic goals of an organizat ion. A strategy map helps an organization identify the territories with the best returns and hence the organization is able to develop a strategy to exploit the territories. It creates the basis of developing a competitive advantage which is beneficial in achievement of goals. It guides the organization in deciding which goods and services to produce in order to achieve the set aims and objectives.  The overall strategy of TNT has great emphasis on satisfying the needs of the customers. Their strategy defines the relationship of all the parties involved and how they will cooperate in achieving the goals of the organization. TNT strategy focuses on achieving its goals, satisfying the customers and coming up with ways that will make the customers stick to their services.

Marketing Concepts Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Marketing Concepts - Essay Example In the UK, 28% of consumers own a smartphone and by 2015 iPhones will make up 11% of all total devices used in the UK.† (Mintel, 2010) The trend in sales has proved that customers are now looking at mobile phone as a device beyond a small instrument that helps to make phone calls. In fact, making calls have become just small of the many functions of mobile phones. Mobile phones are now a total communication and mobility solution. This trend in the industry was driven by the smart phone of iPhone, Nokia, Samsung, Blackberry and other players. This report will discuss the macro and micro environmental changes in the industry and its impacts on the marketing activities of smart phone companies. The report will be discussed with particular reference to Apple iPhone and RIM Blackberry. Mobile phone industry is one of the fastest growing and fastest changing industries in the world. The products become outdated very quickly than in any other domain. Innovation in products, services a nd marketing activities are most common in the industry. Smart phones are the power houses of mobile phone market. Globally, â€Å"Feature phones still represent the majority of mobile phone shipments, even though they are under increasing pressure from smartphones.† (Wauters, 2011) IPhone and Blackberry are among the leading smart phone makers of the world though Blackberry’s market share is slowly being taken over by Samsung. This report will deal primarily with the environmental factors affecting the smart phone industry. The report will also deal with the importance of market segmentation, targeting and positioning in the industry. The later part of the report will discuss the importance of adopting a right marketing mix for the smart phone industry. Environmental Factors and their Impact The major macro environmental factors that affect marketing in the mobile phone market are technology, economic factors, education and employment levels and social factors. (Zain Books, 2011) Technology is the primary factor that drives the handset industry. Recent developments in the market have shown that Apple has come up with the software called ‘siri’ which is expected to take the market by storm. Such developments will force Blackberry to introduce similar technology or any other differentiating factor on its further models and marketing. Economic condition is the next major factor that impacts the marketing. A slowing economy will usually dent the demand for handsets in the market. A slow economy is usually followed by low disposable income in the hands of the consumers. Therefore, the companies will mostly reduce their marketing spending in order to reduce cost and improve margin. Education and employment levels determine whether the consumers will have enough knowledge and disposable income to purchase mobile phones. Companies like Apple and Blackberry will have to decide on the pricing and product features based on the educational and employment level of the customers. The next macro environmental factor that has an impact on the marketing decisions of handset companies are social factors. The social set up and reference groups create a huge impact on the purchasing decisions of consumers. (Tutor2u, 2011) Therefore, the marketing activities of a company in one region are entirely different from that of the other region. For instance, the theme of iPhone advertisement in United States will be different from what it is in India. The main reason is the difference between social

Company Law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Company Law - Essay Example Further, company law largely interprets business law to the affected parties. Business just like any other discipline, which involves interaction between two or more parties, cannot be wholly exonerated from instances of conflicts (Emerson, 2009). Business law attempts to address diverse issues in a business. It enables swift and efficient enforcement of contracts. In addition, it ensures adequate legal protection to both private and personal property; it ensures clear framework and mechanisms for transferring and registering property. Furthermore, it also sees to it that intellectual property get due protection and enforcement. Business law ensures stability and the existence of a framework able to accommodate the management, operations, and establishment of companies. Company law puts in place a legal framework on how companies operate. It handles issues such as company formation, regulations in terms of limiting liability of members and general company’s functions and perfo rmance. Company law protects both investors and the public in their daily business transactions. Investment law offers grant to some businesses irrespective of their legal form. It also contains regulations in respect to transfer of shares in the Capital market. The company law foresees functions and the capacity of an individual since this is very essential during company formation (Kenneth & Clarkson, 2010). Corporate personality implies that as far as the company law is concerned, the personality of a company exist differently from its owners. Therefore, the state recognizes that certain business or firms contain legal personality. As a result, the company has the legal right to sue an individual or be sued in its property, name or be held accountable for its debts. It is this idea that allows limited liability for company shareholders to take place because the debt does not belong to them but to the company. Limited liability is the rational aftermath of the existence of separat e or dual personality. However, just like people in some cases can have limits placed on their legal personality, so as a firm or an organization can have legal personality with no restricted liability if that is the way it is granted by the law. Therefore, it is vital to note that a firm can be formed with no restrictions or in absence of limited liability. The rationale of the ideas of corporate personality and limited liability were well presented in the case of Salomon v Salomon & Co. Ltd in the year 1897. In this case, Salomon conducted his business as leather trader. In the year 1892, he formed his firm or company which he called Salomon& Co. Ltd. Salomon, his five children and wife each had one share in the newly formed company (Hannigan, 2009). Therefore, the family members were forced to hold shares on behalf of Salomon because the policy at that time required that for any company to be registered there must be at least seven shareholders. The Company bought the sole operat ion of leather business, which was valued at E 39,000.00. This showed Salomon determination for success in the leather business. Salomon paid E 10,000.00 in form of debentures for the assets of the company. He decided to pay in debentures so that he could be a secured creditor. Salomon offered a charge over the assets of the company at E 20,000.00 in E 1 per share and E 9,000 in cash.

Antr1007wk3w15 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Antr1007wk3w15 - Essay Example They sought to pacify the â€Å"savages† by converting them to Christianity and many felt sincerely that this was what God wanted them to do. However they were not conscious of the negative effects this had on their culture. They acquired land from the Indians by negotiating treaties in exchange for services and products such as medical although many treaties were broken when the Europeans felt they had sufficient power to overcome any Indian resistance. When Canada became a country in 1867 this paternalistic attitude was continued by the federal government as it organized the remaining Indian population, decimated by war with the invaders and deadly European diseases, under the Indian Act. In keeping with the government’s paternalistic attitude, they micromanaged Indian life under the Department of Indian and Northern Affairs with no input from the aboriginals.(Hanson) This authority has ranged from overreaching political control such as imposing government structures on Indian communities in the form of land councils to control over the rights of Indians to practice their culture and traditions. The Indian Act has also enabled the government to determine the land base of these groups in the form of reserves and even define who qualifies as an Indian in the form of Indian status. Although reserve Indians do not have to pay federal taxes, they do not have the right to vote in federal elections. The original Indian Act was passed in 1876 as a consolidation of the Gradual Civilization Act and the Gradual Enfranchisement Act. The primary aim of this legislation was to do away with the tribal system and assimilate Indians with other inhabitants of Canada as the melt ing pot theory in the US until recently attempted to assimilate immigrants. The primary difference of course is that in Canada the Indians, although in the minority, were the original inhabitants and the Europeans the immigrants. In any

Models of Criminal Justice System in England and Wales Essay

Models of Criminal Justice System in England and Wales - Essay Example These delegate the Police with the responsibility of the control of crime (Lea 2002, pp.32,67); the Prison Service, to run prisons; the Probation Service with the role of rehabilitation; the Crown Prosecution Service, for bringing action against those suspected of committing a crime; the Magistrates' Courts and the Crown Court with the responsibility of dealing with the trial of suspected criminals; the Court of Appeals for the final conviction of the perceived criminal; the Prison Service, for running prisons; the Serious Fraud Office for the investigation of frauds and other similar offences that affect trade the corporate world (Davies, Croall & Tyrer, 1995, pp.274, 342, 121, 152, 156, 274, 133). A new CJS agency in England and Wales took effect in 2001. The new Criminal Defence Service was established by the Access to Justice Act of 1999 which also established a Legal Services Commission which supervises this new agency (Wheeler 2006,p.165). This provides state-employed defence counsel that serves as lawyer to indigent defendants (Hirschel et al 2007,p.176). The CJS in England and Wales is essentially rooted in three principles. The first is that an accused is presumed to be innocent until proven guilty by proof beyond reasonable doubt. The second is that the criminal justice system is basically adversarial in nature i.e. that the accused is aided in his defence by a counsel while a prosecutor tries to prove that he is guilty and both parties face each other in court as adversaries (Davies, Croall & Tyrer 1995, p.193). The third principle states that there is criminal liability only when there exists in the actor